Teresa Reynolds
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Important Events in the Development of LIS Computers
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microphotography
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Use of online information in reference services
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Expansion
of online information technologies such as:
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Growth of CD-ROMS and integrated
library systems
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Computers
In
Libraries
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Growth of internet
And World Wide Web
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The traditional library has changed tremendously due to new
technology. Libraries offer more services than checking out and checking in
books. Copying, faxing, and notary are just a few of the many services that libraries
now offer. Many events played a major role in the development of libraries and
the way in which services are provided.
The growth of electronic resources and the World Wide Web
have played a major role in the way academic libraries as well as public
libraries conduct services. An example is that many of the libraries in Georgia
are using the PINES system. This system allows libraries to borrow and loan
materials for patrons. It also allows patrons to use their library cards at any
participating PINES library. The addition of downloadable e-books and
audiobooks in libraries makes it easier for patrons to utilize the services of
the libraries. Also, the use of computers for the public has increased the
services that libraries provide.
In conclusion, there are many events that have caused the
development of todays library information system computers. Libraries have to
be aware of the needs of their patrons and they have to keep abreast of changes
that are occurring in other organizations and what is happening in this digital
age. I have included major events that have influenced the overall development
of technology in the library, but I think some of the most important ones
include:
·
Developments in microphotography because this
led to an actual book being photographed and attached to the back of a card
catalog. Also photocopying saved time for patrons because they did not have to
copy material out of texts by hand.
·
First applications of computers in libraries
because this led to the creation of Machine Readable Cataloging (MARC) which
became the standard for the creation of bibliographic records.
·
Use of online information in reference
services because this led to the beginning of early attempts to automate
library circulation, cataloging, and acquisition systems.
·
Growth of CD-ROMs and integrated library
systems allowed libraries more efficient information sharing and the
development of online public access catalogs (OPACS) was an early example of
end-user search systems. After materials could be accessed electronically, the
next step was automating circulation.
·
Growth of internet and the World Wide Web
because this allow users to communicate between individuals and organizations
and to share information.
·
Expansion of online information technologies
because information can now be shared digitally.
1955
Copyflo: First semi-automatic xerographic printer; makes continuous copies on ordinary paper.
In 1955 The Telecomputing Corp. of Burbank California began testing a new punch tape method for recording circulation transactions, but was deemed to be too costly at the time to implement.
1955
Termatrex Index, pre-computer, performs Boolean searching.
Termatrex is a punch card based system
1956
Brodart introduced its circulation system "Brodac" at the 1956 ALA conference. Brodac used heat sensitive paper, similar to film to record circulation transactions.
Brodart introduced its circulation system "Brodac" at the 1956 ALA conference. Brodac used heat sensitive paper, similar to film to record circulation transactions.
1956
In 1956 Congress approved the Library Services Act that would later become the Library Services and Technology Act. The LSA helped to establish federal funding for libraries.
In 1956 Congress approved the Library Services Act that would later become the Library Services and Technology Act. The LSA helped to establish federal funding for libraries.
LSCA stimulated
cooperative projects, centralized bibliographic control and particularly the
use of computer based systems. Many states initially used LSCA funds to support
their initial installation of OCLC.
1959
ALA began the Library Technology Project
(LTP) with the goal of reviewing, testing, and standardizing library
technology.
1961
In 1961 the Association of Research Libraries and the ALA adopted a joint resolution allowing libraries to make one copy of an article or part of a book, whether copyrighted or not, under the spirit of the 'fair use' provision of copyright law.
In 1961 the Association of Research Libraries and the ALA adopted a joint resolution allowing libraries to make one copy of an article or part of a book, whether copyrighted or not, under the spirit of the 'fair use' provision of copyright law.
1962
The Medical Research Library of Brooklyn claims to have been among the first libraries to use the Xerox 914 copier (circa 1959) for the purpose of making copies of articles for inter-library loan use in 1962.
The Medical Research Library of Brooklyn claims to have been among the first libraries to use the Xerox 914 copier (circa 1959) for the purpose of making copies of articles for inter-library loan use in 1962.
1964
April 22-October 17: The New York World's Fair offers public viewing of online bibliographic retrieval at Library/USA.This is the first time the general public sees bibliographic information and interacts remotely with librarians through a computer using standard telephone lines. This is the first online system to allow for simultaneous users for one database using search software. Joe Becker is the main producer and reporter of this event.
April 22-October 17: The New York World's Fair offers public viewing of online bibliographic retrieval at Library/USA.This is the first time the general public sees bibliographic information and interacts remotely with librarians through a computer using standard telephone lines. This is the first online system to allow for simultaneous users for one database using search software. Joe Becker is the main producer and reporter of this event.
1964
The very beginnings of machine-readable databases was the pioneering service developed by the National Library of Medicine in the United States called MEDLARS (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System).” Implemented in 1964, according to Thompson, MEDLARS introduction signaled “information technology’s” beginning.”
The very beginnings of machine-readable databases was the pioneering service developed by the National Library of Medicine in the United States called MEDLARS (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System).” Implemented in 1964, according to Thompson, MEDLARS introduction signaled “information technology’s” beginning.”
1964
The US Navy Electronics Library introduced photocopied catalog cards reproduced on a Xerox 914 copier. The system was able to reproduce six sets of cards simultaneously directly from the corresponding array of six master, or main-entry, cards.
The US Navy Electronics Library introduced photocopied catalog cards reproduced on a Xerox 914 copier. The system was able to reproduce six sets of cards simultaneously directly from the corresponding array of six master, or main-entry, cards.
This new process produced duplicate cards at a rate of approximately 200
per hour, as compared to about 50 per hour, typed.
1966
MARC I as it was then known, began distribution via magnetic [computer] tape. Approximately 50,000 Eng. language records were sent to the 16 participating libraries between 11/66-6/68 - the initial trial period for the program.
MARC I as it was then known, began distribution via magnetic [computer] tape. Approximately 50,000 Eng. language records were sent to the 16 participating libraries between 11/66-6/68 - the initial trial period for the program.
1967
The OCLC (originally the Ohio College Library Center) was founded in 1967.
The OCLC (originally the Ohio College Library Center) was founded in 1967.
1972
The Invention of high-reduction microforms was first mentioned in the February 1972 issue of Advanced Technology Libraries.
The Invention of high-reduction microforms was first mentioned in the February 1972 issue of Advanced Technology Libraries.
Light-pen
systems with barcodes were first used routinely for circulation systems in
Great Britain beginning about 1972, and by the following year there were at
least eight such systems in operation. Book number and borrower was recorded by
pen device, and then recorded on magnetic tape.
1973
According to the book, Library Automation the State of the Art II, many cooperative processing using networks were introduced in the 1970"s among then was DATRAN,which planned a digital service across 35 cities, with the first segment to be implemented in 1973-1974.
According to the book, Library Automation the State of the Art II, many cooperative processing using networks were introduced in the 1970"s among then was DATRAN,which planned a digital service across 35 cities, with the first segment to be implemented in 1973-1974.
1974
The Research Libraries Group, Inc. (RLG) was established in 1974 by Harvard, Yale, and Columbia Universities and the New York Public Library to create a computer-based bibliographic processing system that would improve efficiency in library operations, link RLG programs, and afford library users searching for bibliographic information an increased and more flexible set of access points than was possible in conventional card catalogs.
The Research Libraries Group, Inc. (RLG) was established in 1974 by Harvard, Yale, and Columbia Universities and the New York Public Library to create a computer-based bibliographic processing system that would improve efficiency in library operations, link RLG programs, and afford library users searching for bibliographic information an increased and more flexible set of access points than was possible in conventional card catalogs.
1980
The primary publishing division of the American Chemical Society in
Washington was the first to experiment with ways of putting the full-text of
one of their primary journals on-line.
1980
In October, November, and December of 1980 a research project took place endorsed and supervised by the Research Department at OCLC which involved the first ever “home delivery of library services.
In October, November, and December of 1980 a research project took place endorsed and supervised by the Research Department at OCLC which involved the first ever “home delivery of library services.
In 1981, the Integrated Library System (ILS) was
written for the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to run on several machines
including an LSI 11/23, one of the larger microcomputers developed by Digital
Equipment Corporation (DEC) at the time
1981
In 1981, the University of Missouri, Columbia, developed a program on a TRS-80 which the local public library used as a Telnet host. The program enabled the library to communicate with other libraries within the local and state library networks regarding interlibrary loan requests and general electronic mail messages (Smith, 1982, p. 35).
1982
In 1982, the Library of Congress embarked on an Optical Disc Pilot Program, divided into print and nonprint experimental projects, in an attempt to determine the feasibility of using the optical disc medium as a preservation and high-speed access device for library materials.
In 1982, the Library of Congress embarked on an Optical Disc Pilot Program, divided into print and nonprint experimental projects, in an attempt to determine the feasibility of using the optical disc medium as a preservation and high-speed access device for library materials.
1990s
Growth of internet and World Wide Web
1992
Reference librarians make use of an electronic listserv called Stumpers - "devoted to finding the answers to sticky reference questions." It was developed in 1992 by Anne Feeny, a library student.
Reference librarians make use of an electronic listserv called Stumpers - "devoted to finding the answers to sticky reference questions." It was developed in 1992 by Anne Feeny, a library student.
1995
10/11/95 - Senate passes Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA), updating and replacing the Library Services and Construction Act (LSCA).
10/11/95 - Senate passes Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA), updating and replacing the Library Services and Construction Act (LSCA).
1999
Wireless was introduced in Public Library in North Little Rock, Arkansas (probably not the first library it was used in but maybe useful at dating wifi environment to pre- 2000).
Wireless was introduced in Public Library in North Little Rock, Arkansas (probably not the first library it was used in but maybe useful at dating wifi environment to pre- 2000).
2000s
Expansion of online information
technologies.
2003
Cleveland Library first to circulate eBook collection-
Monday, January 06, 2003-In what appears to be a big step for electronic media, the Cleveland Public Library has inked a deal to bring eBooks to PDA's, PC's and anything else with an appropriate eBook reader. . .
References
Becker, J. &
Hayes, C. (1972). The end of libraries. Advance Techonology Libraries,
117(1), 59-63.
Flagg, G. (1995).
Senate passes measure to update, replace LSCA. American Libraries,
26(11), 1088-1089.
Grosch, A.
(1980). Minicomputers in libraries. New York: Scarecrow Press.
Hildreth, C.
(1987). Library Automation in North America: A Reassessment of the Impact of
New Technologies on Networking. p. 50.
Johnson, J.R.. (2002), First Facts: guides to the library. Boston Public Library, Retrieved from http://www.bpl.org
Kenney, A., & Chapman, S. (1996). Digital imaging for libraries and archives. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Library.
Olson, R.
(October, 1994). Stumped reference librarians find help on the internet. American
Libraries, 25 (9), 26-31.
Rubin, R. (2010). Foundations of library and information science.
New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers.
Salmon, S. R. (1969). Library automation: A state of the art Review. Chicago: American Library Association.
Salmon, S.R. (1975).
Library
automation systems. Advance
Technology Libraries, 85(2), 78-86.
Tedd, L.A.
(1979). An introduction to
computer-based library systems. Philadelphia, PA: Heyden Company.
